Importance of the name of God

The name of God revealed in God's Eternal Word - Holy Bible is Yahweh which is shortened as Yah in some scriptures.( Exodus 15:2,17:16, Psalms 68:4,18,77:11,89:8,94:7,12,102:18, 104:35, 105:45, 106:48, 111:1,112:1, 113:1,9, 115:17,18, 116:19, 117:2, 118:5,14,17,18,19, 122:4, 130:3,135:1,3,4,21, 146:1,10, 147:1,20, 148:1,14, 149:9, 150:1,6, Songs 8:6, Isaiah 12:2,26:4,38:11 ). The meaning of Yah is  "am" or "to be" or "existing" and meaning of Yahweh is " the existing one" or "the being one". 

God explained his name in greater detail when Moses asked what will he tell children of Israel when they ask what God's name is ( Exodus 3:13,14 ) and God says to Moses to tell them I am who I am, which in Hebrew reads as "eh yah asher eh yah". That is God is saying I am the only one who really exists in the present, existed in the past eternally and will exist forever in the future. All creations of God  who claim to exist, exists only because God exists, for God created them and preserves them and judges them when they deny God. 

The sacred name of God revealed in the scriptures - Holy Bible is Yahweh Elohim - God The Father and Yahweh Yeshua - God The Son. The sacred name movement that emerged among Adventists in 1930's  should not be confused with this as they reject the Triune God.

Yahweh in Hebrew is written as יְ הוָה.  We know clearly from other scriptures ( Exodus 15:2,17:16, Psalms 68:4,18,77:11, 89:8, 94:7,12, 102:18, 104:35, 105:45, 106:48, 111:1,112:1, 113:1,9, 115:17,18, 116:19, 117:2, 118:5,14,17,18,19, 122:4, 130:3,135:1,3,4,21, 146:1,10, 147:1,20, 148:1,14, 149:9, 150:1,6, Songs 8:6, Isaiah 12:2,26:4,38:11 ) that Yah is the initial 3 letters.  Middle eastern languages like Hebrew, Arabic etc. are read and written  from right to left unlike English and other languages which are read and written from left to right. 

3rd letter is pronounced "Va or Wa". In modern Hebrew this letter is pronounced as "V",  but in ancient Hebrew this letter was pronounced as W and this is today still preserved in certain Hebrew dialects like Yemeni Hebrew dialect particularly for religious purposes. The supplied niqqud vowel underneath this 3rd letter is an upside down triangular 3 dots which is the "segol" niqqud vowel which is varioulsly pronounced as short "e" in Yemeni Hebrew dialect and in other Hebrew dialects. Yemeni Hebrew is considered to be closest to original Hebrew than other Hebrew dialects. So from above 2 points we can conclude that the thrid letter is pronounced as "We". 

4th letter which is same as the 2nd letter and so is pronounced as "ah" or H in english language and not as "ho" or "hu" when it is not the ending letter in a word. Thus 3rd and 4th letters together is spelled as "Weh". Thus these 4 letters for God Lord in Hebrew are together pronounced as Yahweh.

A crucial linguistic barrier in the "Yahowah" pronunciation: the attempt to use the Hebrew letter Waw (ו) as both a mater lectionis (a vowel marker for the "OH" sound) and a consonantal glide (the "wah" sound) simultaneously within the exact same space.

In Hebrew phonetics, a single letter cannot function as a consonant and a vowel at the same time in the same syllable. If the Waw is acting as a Holem (the "OH" vowel), it has exhausted its phonetic role for that syllable; it cannot immediately pivot to initiate the next syllable as a consonant ("W") without a separate, explicit consonantal character. Forcing it to do both creates a phonetic anomaly that contradicts ancient Hebrew grammar.

Example of "Nation" vs. "National" perfectly illustrates Trisyllabic Laxing in English—a natural phonological rule where long vowels shorten when suffixes add syllables. In Hebrew, a highly structured parallel system exists known as vocalic reduction and shifting.

How Vowel Shifts Actually Work in Hebrew

Just like English "squishes" vowels to maintain the rhythm of longer words, Biblical Hebrew shifts vowels based on syllable weight and stress. In Hebrew nouns and verbs:

• When a word is prolonged by a suffix, the stress shifts toward the end of the word.

• Because the stress moves away, the open, unaccented vowels near the beginning of the word lose their emphasis.

• To make the word easier to pronounce, these vowels "squish" or reduce into a very short, hurried vowel sound called a Sheva (a quick "eh" or catch in the throat).

For example, when the Hebrew root word for "word" (Dāvār) is pluralised, the stress shifts to the end, causing the first long "Ah" sound to collapse into a short Sheva, becoming Devārīm.

The Real Source of "Yah-OH-wah"

The pronunciation "Yah-OH-wah" did not arise naturally from Hebrew speech patterns. It is actually a linguistic hybrid created by a historical misunderstanding:

1. The Tetragrammaton (YHWH): The original four-letter name of God was considered too sacred to pronounce aloud by ancient Jewish readers.

2. The Substitute (Adonai): When reading the scriptures, whenever readers encountered YHWH, they were instructed to say Adonai (Lord) instead.

3. The Masoretic Vowel Points: To remind readers to say Adonai, medieval Jewish scribes (the Masoretes) took the vowel points from the word Adonai (a short 'a' sound, an 'o', and an 'a') and overlaid them onto the four consonants Y-H-W-H.

4. The Christian Misreading: Centuries later, Christian scholars who were unfamiliar with this Jewish practice read the text literally. They blended the consonants of YHWH with the borrowed vowel points of Adonai, accidentally inventing the hybrid words "Jehovah" and "Yahowah."

Thus a single letter cannot simultaneously serve as a vowel and a consonant in the exact same syllable. Pronouncing it Yah-OH-wah forces the letter Waw to pull double-duty inside the word in a way that ancient Hebrew phonetics simply do not allow.

It is not an intentional corruption or an attempt to alter God's name; it is a fundamental law of how human speech and Hebrew phonetics work.

Think of how vowels naturally shift in English when a word gets longer to make it easier to say:

• The root word Nation has a long "A" sound (Nay-shun).

• But when you make it a longer word like National or Nationality, the "A" automatically squishes into a short "A" sound (Na-shun-al).

 

Jews gradually stopped pronouncing the four-letter name of God (Tetragrammaton, YHWH) during the 3rd to 2nd centuries BC.  The pronunciation was not completely extinct immediately; the High Priest continued to pronounce the name aloud on Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement) inside the Holy of Holies.

Following the Roman destruction of the Second Temple in AD70, public pronunciation ceased entirely. Because the central ritual setting for saying the name was lost, the true oral tradition of the vowels faded over time. Centuries later, Jewish scribes (the Masoretes) added vowel markings to the Hebrew text. Instead of the original vowels, they placed the vowel points of Adonai ( as Yahowah ) or Elohim as ( Yahowih ) around the consonants YHWH to remind the reader to say the substitute word instead of the actual name.When the Masoretic scribes added vowel points to the Hebrew Bible text around the 6th–10th centuries CE, they did something deliberate:

1. Masoretes left the four consonants Y-H-W-H exactly as written.

2. They superimposed the vowels from the Hebrew word Adonai (which means "Lord") onto those consonants.

3. This acted as a visual warning flag telling the reader: "Do not say Yahweh out loud; read the word 'Adonai' instead.

Because the first vowel of Adonai is a short "Ah" sound, placing it underneath the Y of YHWH automatically forces it to follow the phonetic rule mentioned above, blending into a "Yeh" sound. When early European Christian translators looked at these Hebrew texts centuries later, they read the consonants and the substitute vowels straight through as a single word, accidentally creating the hybrid name Yehowah / Jehovah.

The mechanical and scribal reality of how this happened reveals why it works this way:

1. The Guttural Rule: Why Adonai is Forced to Use "Ah"

In Hebrew, the word Adonai starts with the letter Aleph (א). Aleph is a guttural consonant (a sound made in the back of the throat).

• Guttural letters in Hebrew are weak and cannot smoothly hold a standard, simple "silent" or short vowel stop (called a vocal sheva), which sounds like an "eh".

• To help the human throat pronounce a vowel under a guttural letter, Hebrew grammar requires a composite vowel (a chatef-patach). This forces the short vowel stop to take a quick, breathy "Ah" sound.

Therefore, Adonai only sounds like "Ah-donai" because the Aleph forces the vowel to morph into an "Ah" sound.

2. The Yod Rule: Why YHWH Transforms it to "Yeh"

The standalone name YHWH starts with the letter Yod (י). A Yod is not a guttural letter.

• When the Masoretic scribes lifted the vowel system of Adonai and laid it over YHWH, the non-guttural Yod rejected the composite "Ah" marker because it didn't need the guttural throat assistance.

• According to the laws of Hebrew phonetics, when a composite vowel is applied to a regular letter like Yod, it automatically reduces back down to its simplest, default form: a simple sheva.

• A simple sheva under a Yod naturally and cleanly produces the "Yeh" sound.

So, the scribes did apply the vowel coding of Adonai to YHWH. However, the immutable laws of Hebrew spelling forced that coding to render on the page as "Yeh" instead of "Yah" or "Ah

3. Absolute Proof: The Preposition Test

Skeptics often wonder if this is just a convenient theory made up by modern linguists. It isn't, and we can prove it using prefixes like the Hebrew word for "to" or "for" (the letter Lamed / ל).

• If you attach "to" to the regular word Adonai, Hebrew grammar rules dictate the prefix blends with the Aleph's composite vowel, creating the spoken sound L'Adonai (with a distinct "ah" shift on the prefix).

• When you look at the ancient Masoretic manuscripts—like the Aleppo Codex—and look at the phrase "to YHWH," the prefix is pointed exactly the way it would be if it were prefixing the word Adonai.

The scribes pointed the prefixes to literally read "To Lord," confirming that the vowels on the page were a perpetual reminder to say Adonai, completely bypassing the actual pronunciation of YHWH.

The scribes did not randomly choose to change "Yah" to "Yeh" out of thin air to change the name. The "Yeh" sound (יְ) is the mathematical and grammatical result of forcing the vowels of Adonai (אֲ) onto the consonant Yod (י).

Thus the proper name of God  Yahweh was written without vowels in Hebrew as  YHWH ( יהוה ). This name of God was considered by Jews too sacred to pronounce out loud, the Masoretic scribes  ( AD 600 - 900 ) utilized a scribal system called Kethiv-Qere ("what is written" vs. "what is read"). Instead of changing the sacred letters of the text, they overlaid the consonants of YHWH with the vowel points of two substitute titles.

The two specific combinations operate exactly as you outlined:

1. The Adonai Substitution (Creating "Yehowah")

• The Rule: In the vast majority of cases, the reader was expected to say Adonai (אֲדֹנָי - meaning "My Lord") when they encountered the Tetragrammaton.

• The Vowels: The Masoretes took the vowels from Adonai—shewa (e), cholem (o), and kamatz (a)—and transposed them onto יהוה.

• The Result: This produced the hybrid, artificial spelling יְהֹוָה (Yehowah). Centuries later, Christian scholars misread this intentional hybrid as the actual name, which gave rise to the English transliteration Jehovah.

2. The Elohim Substitution (Creating "Yehowih")

• The Rule: If the Bible text already placed the literal word Adonai immediately before or after the Tetragrammaton (resulting in an awkward "Adonai Adonai" if read straight), the scribes needed a different substitute. They instructed the reader to say Elohim (אֱלֹהִים - meaning "God") instead.

• The Vowels: They took the vowels from Elohim—chataf-segol (e), cholem (o), and chiriq (i)—and applied them to the Tetragrammaton.

• The Result: This produced the hybrid spelling יֱהֹוִה (Yehowih), instructing the reader to look at YHWH but speak the word "Elohim" out loud.

Overview Table

Text Read (Consonants):-

יהוה (YHWH) -

 יהוה (YHWH)-

Vowel Cues Borrowed From:-

אֲדֹנָי (Adonai)-

אֱלֹהִים (Elohim)-

 

Hybrid Text Formed :-     

יְהֹוָה (Yehowah / Jehovah)-

יֱהֹוִה (Yehowih)-

What the Reader Spoke Aloud:-

                                  

- Adonai ("Lord")

                                  

 - Elohim ("God")

• The Soleb Egyptian Inscription (14th Century BCE):

• Hieroglyphic inscriptions from the temple of Amenhotep III at Soleb (Sudan) contain an Egyptian list of foreign lands that mentions the "Land of the Shasu [nomads] of Yhw3" (tꜣ šꜣsw Yhwꜣ).

• This is widely considered by historians and Egyptologists to be the oldest written reference to the god Yahweh, matching the early consonantal root.

Based on the principles of Egyptian Group Writing (syllabic orthography used during the New Kingdom to spell out foreign words), linguists and Egyptologists reconstruct the pronunciation of yhwꜣ as "Yahu" or "Yah-wa

Here is exactly how the hieroglyphs function phonetically, based on how the Egyptians spelled out other related Semitic names at the time:

1. Decoding the Hieroglyphic Signs

The cartouche at Soleb consists of four distinct phonetic characters:

1. 𓇋𓇋 (Double Reed Leaf): Represents the Semitic consonant Yod (Y). In New Kingdom group writing, this pairing frequently initiated a syllable alongside a vowel sound, often sounding like "Ya"

2. 𓉔 (Reed Shelter / Twisted Flax): Represents the glottal fricative H, directly matching the Semitic He.

3. 𓍯 or 𓅱 (Lasso / Quail Chick): Represents the consonant W or the long vowel U/O.

4. 𓄿 (Vulture - Transliterated as ꜣ or 3): Historically an Egyptian aleph (glottal stop), by the New Kingdom era it was regularly used in foreign names as a marker to indicate a final "a" vowel sound.

How Group Writing Determines the Vowels

Because Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs are primarily consonantal, they normally do not record vowels. However, when writing foreign places, captives, or deities, scribes utilized "Group Writing"—combining specific characters to act as pseudo-vowels so Egyptian officials could pronounce the names accurately.

• The First Syllable (Y-H): In parallel Semitic name lists from the same era (such as the Thutmose III and Ramesses II lists), the combination of the double reed leaf and the "H" sign uniformly transliterated Northwest Semitic words starting with a "Yah-" sound.

• The Final Syllable (W-ꜣ): The quail chick (w) paired with the vulture (ꜣ) was the standard Egyptian formula for rendering a terminal "-wa" or "-ua" sound in foreign West Semitic nouns.

Cross-Checking with Parallel Texts

Scribes repeated this name in other topographical lists, which helps clarify the intended sound:

• The Amarah West Inscription (13th Century BCE): Under Ramesses II, Egyptian copyists duplicated Amenhotep's list. They wrote the exact same phrase (tꜣ šꜣsw yhwꜣ). The consistency across generations confirms it was a highly standardized phonetic spelling for a specific phonetic target: "Yahwa".

• The Medinet Habu Inscription: Later lists feature slight orthographic shifts (like yi-ha), indicating that the pronunciation shifted slightly over time or dialect, but firmly kept the open "Yah" prefix.

What This Teaches Us About the Tetragrammaton

The modern consensus among historical linguists is that the 14th-century BCE Egyptian scribes at Soleb were hearing a nomadic group (the Shasu) invoke a patron deity or territory named "Yahwa".

This directly supports the "Yahweh" reconstruction over "Jehovah" or "Yahowah":

1. It proves the original ancient pronunciation began with a "Yah" sound (not "Je").

• Early Christian and Patristic Transliterations:
• Early church fathers explicitly wrote out how the name sounded in Greek.
• Clement of Alexandria (early 3rd century AD) and Theodoret of Cyrrhus (5th century AD) explicitly transliterated the pronunciation of the Samaritans and others as Yahweh (or Iaous / Iabe in various Greek and Gnostic texts).
Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–215 AD) preserved an ancient, highly accurate literary transliteration (Iaoue) from older mystical and philosophical archives.

In his major work, The Stromata (Book V, Chapter 6), Clement of Alexandria provides one of the most structurally significant textual witnesses to the historical pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton.

Clement’s primary goal in this passage is allegorical and philosophical. He argues that the vestments of the Jewish High Priest—specifically the golden plate worn on the turban (tzitz)—contained hidden, mystical "enigmas" meant to signify the transcendent nature of God.

1. The Original Greek Text

The critical passage in Clement's original Greek reads:
"ἀτὰρ καὶ τὸ τετράγραμμον ὄνομα τὸ μυστικόν, ὃ περιέκειντο οἷς μόνοις τὸ ἄδυτον βάσιμον ἦν· λέγεται δὲ Ἰαούε [or Ἰαού], ὃ μεθερμηνεύεται ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἐσόμενος."

English Translation

"Further, the mystic name of four letters which was affixed to those alone to whom the adytum [Holy of Holies] was accessible, is called Iaoue [or Iaou], which is interpreted, 'Who is and shall be

Step-by-Step Breakdown of the Passage

A. The High Priest's Nameplate ("The Mystic Name... Affixed")

• What Clement is referencing: Clement is describing the Petal or Tzitz (Exodus 28:36), the engraved plate of pure gold tied to the front of the High Priest's miter or turban.
• The Ritual Context: He notes it was restricted to "those alone to whom the adytum was accessible." The adytum is the Greek term for the innermost sanctuary—the Holy of Holies. Only the High Priest could look upon or wear this name, symbolizing that the true pronunciation of God's name was a highly guarded, esoteric secret restricted from the common public.

The Transliteration into Greek: Iaoue (Ἰαούε) vs. Iaou (Ἰαού)

Because ancient Greek did not possess a letter for the Semitic "W" sound (Waw) or the harsh "H" sound (He), Clement had to use a string of Greek vowels to replicate the phonetics of YHWH:
• "Ια" (Ia): Captures the initial syllable Yah-.
• "ου" (ou): In Greek, the diphthong ou matches the vocalized "w" or "u" sound of the Hebrew letter Waw.
• "ε" (e): Captures the terminal vowel sound -eh.
• The Variance: In surviving medieval manuscript copies of the Stromata, there is a minor textual variant. Some manuscripts drop the final epsilon, rendering it Iaou (Ἰαού). However, whether read as Iaoue or Iaou, it phonetically mirrors a two-syllable word sounding precisely like "Yah-weh" or "Yah-wu".

. The Etymological Definition ("Who is and shall be")

Clement explicitly links his transliteration back to the root meaning of the Hebrew verb Hayah ("to be"), directly referencing the divine self-revelation to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14):
• He explains that Iaoue translates to "ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἐσόμενος" ("Who is and shall be" / "The One who exists and who will exist").
• This proves Clement wasn't just pulling random vowels out of a Gnostic hat; he understood the precise grammatical underpinning of the Hebrew Tetragrammaton as a future/present continuous causative verb form—completely independent of the later Adonai (Lord) substitution system.

Why This Passage Matters to Modern Archaeologists

Clement wrote this in the early 3rd century AD. While the spoken tradition was already heavily suppressed within mainstream rabbinic Judaism, Clement’s literary documentation provides an incredibly clean, phonetic baseline. It proves that centuries before medieval scholars invented the hybrid word "Jehovah" by mixing up vowel points, the historical Christian and philosophical archives of Alexandria remembered the Tetragrammaton as a fluid, vocalized name: Yahweh

In his monumental work, the Hexapla (a massive six-column comparative Old Testament), Origen 185-254 AD, did not translate or phonetically transliterate YHWH into Greek letters within the biblical text itself.
Instead, he preserved the original four letters. When a palimpsest fragment of Origen's Hexapla (specifically fragments of the Psalms) was discovered in the Ambrosian Library of Milan, it revealed that Origen wrote the Tetragrammaton in square Aramaic-Hebrew script (יהוה) directly inside the Greek columns.

When discussing the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton theoretically in his Commentary on Psalm 2, Origen observed the deep-seated Jewish prohibition against speaking the name aloud.
To denote the actual four-letter name phonetically, he recorded it as Iaḗ (Ἰαή).
• Similar to Clement's Iaoue, the "Ia-" captures the initial "Yah" sound.
• The "-ḗ" acts as a condensed phonetic marker for the final breathy He syllable.
• Linguists view Origen's Iaḗ as a slightly contracted but linguistically identical variant of "Yahweh."

In Apologetics and Name Elements: Iaṓ (Ἰαώ)

In his famous apologetic work, Contra Celsum (Against Celsus), Origen fiercely defended Jewish and Christian monotheism against pagan philosophy. Here, he addresses the form Iaṓ (Ἰαώ), which was heavily favored by contemporary Gnostics and pagan magicians:
• The Theophoric Connection: Origen correctly identified that Iaṓ was the direct transliteration of the shortened, three-letter divine name suffix (-yahu or -yaho) found at the end of biblical personal names like Elijah (Eliyahu) or Isaiah (Yeshayahu).
• The "Power of Names" Theory: In Contra Celsum, Origen argued a fascinating linguistic point: he insisted that divine names carry an inherent, supernatural power that is untranslatable. He noted that names like Iaṓ, Sabaoth, and Adonai lose their cosmic efficacy if you try to translate them into Greek words like "Lord" or "Almighty". They had to be kept in their raw, phonetic Hebrew sounds to preserve their spiritual force.

Summary of Origen’s Formula

While Clement gave us a snapshot of a literary phonetic tradition (Iaoue), Origen provided the multi-layered toolkit:
1. in visual scripture to maintain unedited accuracy he used directly YHWH .
2. Iaḗ to represent the full vocalized name (Yahweh).

The vocalization "Yahwah" is considered grammatically impossible in Biblical Hebrew for two primary linguistic reasons: the duplication of the "ah" vowel sequence and the fact that a feminine ending contradicts the masculine grammatical agreement used for God in the Hebrew Bible.

Here is a breakdown of why scholars and linguists rule out this pronunciation.

1.The Two-Vowel "Ah" Restriction

The pronunciation "Yahwah" requires two consecutive syllables ending in the same open "ah" sound. In the morphology of Hebrew verb roots, this structure does not align with how the name's underlying verb functions.

• The Tetragrammaton is derived from the archaic root H-W-Y (to be / to become).
• If the name is a causative verb form (the Hifil stem, meaning "He causes to be"), the prefix takes an "a" sound (Yah-), but the rules of Hebrew weak verbs force the final syllable to change to an "eh" or "ee" sound (as in Yahweh), not another "ah".
• If it is a basic verb form (Qal stem, meaning "He is"), it would typically vocalize as Yihweh.

Why "Yahweh" is Preferred Instead

Scholars universally prefer Yahweh over "Yahwah" based on early Greek transcriptions from the first centuries CE (such as IAOUE or IABE found in early Christian texts) and the phonetic behavior of Hebrew verbs. In those structures, the final syllable naturally flattens into an "eh" sound rather than repeating the "ah" sound.

2. The Feminine Ending Rule

In Hebrew, the suffix -ah (specifically the ending Qamets-He ָה) is the standard marker used to make a noun or name feminine.

• Examples include sar (prince) becoming sarah (princess), or names like Moriyah.
• Throughout the Hebrew Bible, the Tetragrammaton (YHWH) consistently takes masculine verbs, pronouns, and adjectives.
• Vocalizing the name as "Yahwah" would mistakenly apply a feminine noun ending to a grammatically masculine deity, violating basic Hebrew.

In New Testament scriptures the name of Lord Jesus Christ is revealed as Yeshua Christ. Christ means the Anointed one in Greek and its ancient Hebrew is Mashiah and its actual Greek word is Christos and from Christos "Christian" originated in Antioch as recorded in Acts 11:26 .

Yeshua means salvation in 1st Century AD Hebrew - Matthew 1:21, Luke 1:31, 2:21, Acts 4:12, Exodus 15:2, Isaiah 12:2, Psalms 118:14While Yehoshua (יְהוֹשֻׁעַ—the original form of "Joshua") is the etymological root of Yeshua, regional naming habits and archaeological data reveal a distinct linguistic shift during the Second Temple period.

The Archaeological Record Favors Yeshua :- 

Excavations of first-century Judean tombs and ossuaries (limestone bone boxes) reveal that Yeshua was one of the most common male names of the era, ranking around the fifth or sixth most popular.

• According to data compiled by scholars like Tal Ilan, the shortened form Yeshua appears 5 to 6 times more frequently on ancient ossuaries and documents from this period than the archaic Yehoshua.

• In total, the name Yeshua has been identified in at least 71 ancient burial caves.

Linguistic Evolution

The name Yehoshua means "Yahweh is salvation". Following the Babylonian exile, the name naturally evolved into the truncated form Yeshua (found in the biblical books of Ezra and Nehemiah). By the time Jesus was born in Galilee, Yeshua was the standard everyday pronunciation, while Yehoshua was treated as a formal, mostly literary biblical name.

Textual Transitions to the New Testament

Because the New Testament was written in Greek, first-century authors had to transliterate the Semitic name Yeshua.

• Ancient Greek lacked a "sh" sound and could not properly end a masculine name with an "ah" vowel.

• Consequently, they adapted Yeshua into Iesous (Ἰησοῦς), which later transitioned through Latin into the English name Jesus.

Ancient Jewish ossuaries feature simple inscriptions like "Yeshua son of Joseph". Because multiple people shared these exact name combinations, archaeologists cannot link them to a specific person unless there is a unique qualifier.

• The "Brother" Rule: In the ancient patriarchal world, individuals were virtually always identified by their father's name (e.g., Yoseph bar Qapa). A brother's name was only added if that brother was remarkably prominent or important.

• Case Study: The famous James Ossuary bears the inscription "Jacob (James), son of Joseph, brother of Jesus". Statisticians and epigraphers like André Lemaire have argued that while James, Joseph, and Jesus were all common names, the statistical probability of finding this exact three-way family combination—compounded by the rare mention of a brother—makes it highly likely to belong to the James of the New Testament.

High-Status Titles and Ornate Artistry

The level of craftsmanship and specific text on the box often correlates with historical records regarding a person's social standing.

• Case Study: In 1990, archaeologists discovered a highly decorated, intricately carved limestone box in Jerusalem. It bore the Aramaic inscription "Yoseph bar Qapa" (Joseph, son of Caiaphas). First-century historian Josephus explicitly recorded that the high priest who presided over the trial of Jesus was named "Joseph Caiaphas." The extreme luxury of the box paired with the exact, unusual family name provided a direct match to the High Priest.

Once an inscription provides a candidate, biological anthropologists analyze the actual skeletal remains left inside the box to check if they align with the historical figure’s biography.

• Age and Sex Estimation: Experts analyze the pelvic bones, skull markers, and joint wear to determine age and biological sex. For example, the bones inside the Caiaphas ossuary included those of a 60-year-old male, which perfectly fits the timeline of a retired, long-serving High Priest.

• Pathology and Trauma: Skeletons preserve records of health, diet, and manner of death. If historical texts state a figure was crucified, stoned, or suffered from a known physical deformity, osteoarchaeologists look for corresponding fractures or lesions on the bones.

The strongest linguistic proof comes from how first-century writers translated Semitic names into Greek. In the earliest fragments of the New Testament Gospels (written in the 1st century AD), Jesus' name is written in Greek as Ἰησοῦς (Iesous).

• The Phonetic Link: When Jewish translators phonetically spelled out the short name Yeshua (יֵשׁוּעַ) into Greek, it naturally became Iesous.

• The Contrast: If they had been trying to write the longer name Yehoshua (יְהוֹשֻׁעַ), the Greek spelling would have retained an extra syllable to account for the "ho" sound—typically transliterated as Ieousa or Iehosoua.

• The Septuagint Blueprint: We see this exact behavior in the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made centuries earlier). In books like Ezra and Nehemiah, historical figures explicitly named Yeshua are translated into Greek as Iesous.

Because the earliest 1st-century records of Jesus use Iesous, we know his contemporaries were translating Yeshua, not Yehoshua.

The Abba Hilkiah and Judean Desert Documents

Beyond the New Testament, we have physical, handwritten ink documents from the 1st and early 2nd centuries found in the Judean desert (such as the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bar Kokhba letters).

• These legal contracts, receipts, and personal letters show that the name Yehoshua had practically vanished from everyday use by the 1st century.

• Instead, living men with that name signed their own legal documents as Yeshua.

The Lack of "Yehoshua" on First-Century Ossuaries

When we look at the hundreds of bone boxes excavated from 1st-century Jerusalem, the name Yehoshua is virtually non-existent on ordinary tombs from that specific generation. The people living in Judea and Galilee at that time had completely shifted to using the shortened form Yeshua.

Therefore, historians conclude that Jesus of Nazareth could not have been called Yehoshua in daily life, because that longer form was an obsolete, literary biblical name at the time—much like someone today being named John rather than the archaic Johannes.

Since God revealed his name to Israelites in their Hebrew language God wants all people of earth who follow other languages also address God in his revealed name in Hebrew. This is made clear in God's Eternal Word - Holy Bible  where God condemns sorrounding nations of Israel for not learning to swear in the name of Yahweh instead using the name of idol Baal for worship and makes it clear that he will destroy them for doing so ( Jeremiah 12:14-17 ).

So it is important that correct name of God in Hebrew which is Yahweh Elohim - God The Father and Yahweh Yeshua - God The Son is used in all prayer and worship and all Holy Bible versions and translations all over this earth. So Yahweh and Yeshua which are the correct name of God the Father and God the son in Hebrew is used in True version of Holy Bible - God's Eternal Word. 

History and current geopolitics

History is not just "his" (man's) story as some claim, but it extends much beyond that to past eternity when the Triune God ( God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit ) existed forever in unity in perfect love. ( John 1:1-3, Psalms 90:2, Malachi 5:2, Hebrews 9:14, 1 Timothy 1:17 ).

After that God created the third heaven God's abode. ( Genesis 1:1, Nehemiah 9:6, Psalms 148:4,5, Isaiah 45:18 ). Then God the Father foreordained his Son- Lord Jesus Christ as the Slain Lamb and wrote the names of those who are to be saved in the Book of Life and prepared the Eternal kingdom. ( Revelation 13:8,17:8, 1 Peter 1:19,20, Ephesians 1:4-, Matthew 25:34, Hebrews 4:3 ). Then God created the 2nd Heaven - outer space (Genesis 1:1, Psalms 33:6, Nehemiah 9:6, Psalms 148:1-5, Isaiah 45:18 ). Then God created the angels ( Psalms 33:6, Nehemiah 9:6, Psalms 148:2-5 ). And then God created the earth and its atmosphere - 1st heaven ( Genesis 1:1, Isaiah 45:18, Job 38:4-7, Nehemiah 9:6 ). 

God created the angel -  Helel (satan) as anointed Cherub, who due to multitude of his trade, they filled midst of him with violence and he sinned. His heart became haughty because of his beauty and his brightness corrupted his wisdom and so God casted him down to earth from heaven. ( Ezekiel 28:12-16, Isaiah 14:12-17, Luke 10:18 ). Still he didn't repent and brought 1/3rd of all angels under his influence to earth and rebelled against God ( Revelation 12:3,4 ). Thus they corrupted the earth, heavens and its creatures and Death/Futility enters creation by the commandment of God – Romans 8 :20,21. Still they didn't repent and so God destroyed the universe with water ( Genesis 1:2, 2 Peter 2:4, 3:5-7, Jeremiah 4:23-27 ).

Then God re-created the heavens and earth in 6 days, created Man (Adam) , created garden at Eden in the east and put man there to serve and keep it and then God created Woman (Eve) as helper for Man. Then God blessed Adam and Eve and commanded them to be fruitful, multiply and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that move upon the earth ( Genesis 1:3- 2:25 ).

But both Adam and Eve fell into sin by eating the fruit of tree of knowledge of good and evil that God forbade through satanic deception through serpent. God cursed Adam , Eve , Serpent and pronounced judgement  on Satan who decieved them. Their descendends sinned against God and filled the earth with corruption and God again destroyed the earth with water, this time the  heavens ( 1st heaven- earth's atmosphere and 2nd heaven - outer space ) where spared from judgement. But God saved Noah and his family from flood and again blessed Noah and his sons to be fruitful, multiply and replenish the earth ( Genesis 3:1- 8:22 ).

But again mankind sinned and fell into idolatry and other sinful rebellion against God. God then choose Abraham and through him Israel (Jacob ) and through Israel God send his only begotten son Lord Jesus Christ to this earth to die in the place of whole mankind's sins against God by shedding his sinless, precious blood on the cross at Calvary, Jerusalem some 2000 years ago for the remission of sins of all mankind so that all mankind who will trust in Lord Jesus Christ shall have eternal life ( Genesis 9:1 - Esther 10:3, All 4 Gospels and Acts 1:1-11), Isaiah 53rd chapter and all other messianic prophecies pertaining to the first coming of Lord Jesus Christ in the Old Testament ).

Then 3 days and 3 nights after that God resurrected his son Lord Jesus and after that he made himself visible to his disciples and commanded them to stay at Jerusalem so that they will recieve the anointing and comfort of the Holy Spirit of God and then ascended to heaven and Lord Jesus Christ is now seated in heaven in the right hand of God the Father and is interceding on behalf of all who are saved. The Holy Spirit of God descended upon the 120 disciples who were assembled in the upper room in Jerusalem as Lord Jesus Christ promised and thus the God's Assembly - God's Church began ( Acts 1:11 to Revelation 2:11 ).

Zecheriah13:8,9 is not about only Israel or Jewish people in Armageddon as many Bible scholars interpret but in reality it is about the whole mankind that God created on this earth. Notice the words "on the whole earth"- that is whole earth through time and space till eternity,1/3rd of mankind that God created will be left therein as they will have eternal life, the rest 2/3rd of mankind will perish and die in eternal hell fire. 

Also notice the fact that Zecheriah 13:7 is a prophecy about the crucifixion of Lord Jesus Christ that occured some 2000 years ago in Calvary, Jerusalem and at that time his disciples left Jesus exactly as God revealed to Zecheriah many centuries before that event. Thus this prophetic verse of Zecheriah 13:7 points to the fact that Lord Jesus Christ was crucified by shedding his sinless precious blood on the cross at the Calvary, Jerusalem some 2000 years ago for the remission of sins of all mankind so that all who will believe in Lord Jesus Christ will have eternal life. Thus in the next verses Zecheriah 13:8,9 God is saying in the whole earth through time and space till eternity,1/3rd of mankind that God created will be left therein as they will have eternal life, the rest 2/3rd of mankind will perish and die in eternal hell fire.

Also notice the Bible verses in Revelation 12:4 in which God points out 1/3rd of all angels followed satan and his rebellion against God and fell from their God given destiny.

Then Satan and fallen angels corrupted mankind in the last days, through city of Rome as Satan during his initial period after his fall to earth brought 1/3rd of all angels into his corruptive influence on the earth. ( Revelation 12:3,4, Revelation 17:3). Thus idolatry ( catholic/orthodox idolatry of intercession/veneration of saints ) , lies ( purgatory and other lies ) and later sexual immorality ( promotion of homosexuality , female pastors and immodest dressing by women in Churches ), corrupted God's Assembly - God's  Church ( 1 Timothy 4:1-4, 2 Timothy 3:1-9,  Revelation 2:12-29, 3:14-22 - dual understanding ). But God restored his church ( God's Assembly ) from all these corruptions so that they will be taken to heaven when Lord Jesus Christ comes back and thus escape the God's judgement of the whole earth for the 7 year great tribulation period ( Joel 2:28,29, Revelation 3:1-22- dual understanding, 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17, 1:10, 5:1-11, 2 Thessalonians 2:3-7, 1:7, Revelation 3:10, 7:9-17, 1 Corinthians 15: 35-38, Isaiah 26:19-21, Mathew 24:13 & 24:32- 25:13, Mark 13:28-37, Luke 17:26-36, Romans 5:8,9 ). 

God also restored Israel nation starting in 1948 AD and God gave back control of Jerusalem to Jews in 1967 AD ( Amos 9:14,15, Ezekiel 37:10-23, Ezekiel 4:3-6, Leviticus 26:3,7,8,18-28 ). Also God raised up the enemy of Gog Magog alliance (Sino-Russian Islamic terrorist alliance) in these last days who will fall defeated at the mountains of Israel for the glory of God and testimony for Israel and all the earth. ( Ezekiel 38,39 chapters ).

In Daniel 2:42 in original text we read -  And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so at end of the kingdom it shall be partly strong, and partly frail.

Also in Daniel 7:20,24-27,  Revelation 12:3, 13:1-18, 17:10-18 we read these 10 toes as 10 horns.

So at the end of Roman Empire ( 4th Empire in the dream of King Nebuchadnessar ),  10 kingdoms will emerge from Roman empire, which we see today probably as Italy, Switzerland, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany,Austria and Poland. They are partly strong like iron and partly frail like clay. 

Iron like destroying strength of roman empire denotes its despotic monarchial rule with its corrupted idolatrous catholic religion.

These 10 countries have been influenced by true Christianity - Protestantism and before that by Anabaptists, Waldensians, Cathars, Paulicians, Bogomils, Celtic Christians, Gothic Christians and various other true Christian groups. But this rock like strength of God's kingdom ( The final 5th kingdom that replaces all these 4 empires is God's kingdom which is rock that is cut out without hands - cut out without hands meaning that it is not by power of man but by the power and will of Almighty Living Eternal God ) has been weakened to clay ( clay comes from rock ) due to anti-Christian counter reformation activities of idolatrous heretic catholic sect which are lies of secularism, atheistic - evolution, feminism and communism and that was done through jesuit-freemason axis. Thus clay represents secular multi party democracies influenced by lies of secularism, atheistic evolution, feminism and communism.

Although in this earth, iron may be stronger than rock, but reality is that this is a supernatural ( Divine ) rock cut out without hands that destroyed the whole statue made of gold, silver, brass, iron and clay and then became a great mountain that filled the whole earth and continued forever and thus God' eternal kingdom will encompass the whole universe , that is the coming New Jerusalem, New Heaven and New Earth forever ( Revelation 21:1- 22:21, Isaiah 66:22-24 ) as this universe - heavens and the earth will be destroyed by fire 2 Peter 3:7, Revelation 20:11.

After these ten horns the beast denoted as as another horn different from these 10 will arise and will subdue 3 of the 10 kingdoms - Daniel 7: 24

We read in Revelation 17:12  And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast.

So these 10 kingdoms shall rule one hour with the beast. One hour could mean the 7 year great tribulation period that comes just before the setting up of God's eternal kindom as Revelation 3:10 also says.

The ten horns - These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.

These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful. - Revelation 17:13,14.

We also read - And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.

For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled.

And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth. - Revelation 17:16-18. 

Thus these 10 kingdoms which emerged from Roman empire will hate the city of Rome and burn it with fire.

Covid pandemic was a warning to whole mankind to repent before he comes to judge this earth, just as the spanish flu some 100 years before by affecting to whole earth just like the global flood at Noah's times. Covid pandemic, spanish flu,  great earth quakes and famines that we see today are fullfillment of what Lord Jesus Christ said in Luke 21:11. 

Also the 2 world wars, other wars and the current Russia Ukraine war started in 2022 AD, Israel Hamas war  ( this current Israel Hamas started in October 2023 could escalate to a regional war to fulfill various prophecies of God's Eternal Word - Holy Bible like - Isaiah 17:1-14 , Jeremiah 49:34-39, Psalm 83:1-18, Zechariah 12:2-8, Ezekiel 28:20-26, Obadiah 1:19,20 ) that we see in these last days are a fulfillment of what Lord Jesus Christ said in Luke 21:10 and Matthew 24:7. So we should understand that the coming of Lord Jesus Christ in mid heavens to take his church ( God's Assembly ) to heaven and judge this whole earth with 7 year great tribulation and the global millenial rule of Lord Jesus Christ and eternity of New Jerusalem, New Heavens and New Earth are all near, right at the door as Lord Jesus Christ warned us in Matthew 24:33 and so when these things begin to take place we should stand up and lift up our heads, because our redemption is drawing near as Lord Jesus Christ commanded us in Luke 21:28. 

In 2 Peter 3:8  we read - But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. – Also in Psalms 90:4 – Prayer of Man of God – Moses.

So taking 705 BC as the year when God changed 10 ° backward on King Ahaz’s dial as sign for King Hezekiah’s healing, backwards until the point of 6 day Re- Creation by God are 360 day years – which from Bible chronology we get as 3994 BC. But taking this as 365.24219 day year as it is now we get 3947 BC as the creation year. So 6000 years of 6 days will be completed in 2054 AD. Thus we can arrive at 2046-2047 as the possible time period in  which the Lord Yahshuah The Anointed One comes back to take His bride - God's Assembly from this earth before the 7 year great tribulation period which shall come upon all inhabited earth.

Hosea 5:14-6:3 shows after 2 days  of 2000 years of 360 days ( 360 days year as other Old Testament prophecies of Daniel 70 weeks - Daniel 9:24-27 and Ezekiel 430 year Ezekiel 4:3-6 , which was multiplied 7 times according to Leviticus 26:18,21,23,24,27,28 ) from AD 70 destruction of Jerusalem God shall raise them up on , on the 3rd day.

Notice that Hosea 6:2 clearly says after 2 days ( 2000 years  of 360 days from AD 70 ) on the 3rd day God shall raise them up. 2000 years of 360 days from AD 70 is completed only on 2041-2042 AD. So this also confirms the Pre tribulation Rapture date of 2046 -2047 AD which comes after 2 days on the 3rd day.

In Luke 13:32 also Lord Yahshua The Anointed One says he will be casting out devils and healing the sick today and tomorrow and on 3rd day it will be finished. In this verse Yahshua The Anointed One is not speaking about literal 24 hour days but 1day equals 1000 years as in Psalms 90:4, 2Peter 3:8 and Hosea 6:2.

Majority of world nations including Israel got independence after WW2 during the period from 1945AD to 1989AD, this is what Lord Jesus Christ said in the parable in Luke 21:29,30 , where the fig tree is Israel and other trees the other nations of which most are in Asia and Africa that got independence during this same period.

In Mark 13:28-30 to Matthew 24:32-34 this same parable by Lord Jesus Christ is presented a little differently because it focus only on Israel the fig tree and the particular period when its branch is yet tender and puts forth leaves. This period occured in the 6 day war in 1967 AD, when Israel recaptured most of its long lost lands including all of Jerusalem.

Thus if we take the time period given in Luke 21: 29,30, which is from 1945 AD to 1989 AD, 1967 AD will fall almost to the middle of it. Thus Luke 21:29-32 Mark 13:28-30 and Matthew 24:32-34 is speaking the same thing although in Luke it is given in a broader view with respect to many other nations ( other trees ) that regained independence during this same period.

From Psalm 90:10 we see that time span of a generation is 70 to 80 years and so from 80 years from 1967AD we reach 2047AD, which is about the time Lord Jesus Christ will come to take his bride - God's Assembly from this earth ( pre tribulation rapture ),  after which the 7 year great tribulation period will occur on all inhabited earth and thus all these things will come to pass in the same generation from 1967AD to 2047 AD

- The surrounding sunni muslim nations of Israel along with iran,russia and turkey incited hamas to attack Israel on October 7, 2023 with the calculation that Israel will devastatingly attack hamas and thus they can make more support for their coming devastating attack on Israel through syria, jordan and west bank and subsequent domination of northern Israel and seige of Israel south to northern Jerusalem ( Jerusalem and Judah ) by the surrounding nations of Israel, with intention to completely destroy Israel. 

But then God will miraculously help Israel by causing weapon malfunction and confusions and will fight back by making devastating attacks on syria, jordan and west bank and other surrounding nations including iran ( Elam region ). Thus Israel will defeat these surrounding nations and even conquer some parts of the surrounding nations .( Isaiah 17:1-14 , 21:13-17,  Jeremiah 49:34-39, Psalm 83:1-18, Zechariah 12:2-8, Ezekiel 28:20-26, Obadiah 1:18-20. ). That is also the reason why they didn't help hamas, when Israel was eliminating hamas for their self protection in the 2 years after October 7,2023 attack of hamas on Israel.

- Zecheriah 12: 6 says - And Jerusalem will be inhabited in her own place , even in Jerusalem. This denotes the heavily contested orginal area of old Jerusalem which today is 80% inhabited by gentiles, although Israel has full control over Jerusalem from 1967 onwards, after the Psalm 83 war, Isaiah 17 etc.,majority area of this Old Jerusalem will be inhabited by Jewish population and probably God's House that was destroyed by Romans in AD70 will be rebuilt as other prophecies of God's Eternal Word - Holy Bible says. The God’s House will be rebuilt in Jerusalem and it shall be called “the house of prayer for people of all nations” exactly as Jesus predicted nearly 2000 years ago . Animal and other sacrifices will be offered there in the remembrance of the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross, just as it symbolized the coming sacrifice of Lord Jesus Christ in the old testament period. This will remain till coming of Lord Jesus Christ in mid heavens to take his church from this earth ( rapture). 

- God's house could be built at any time before the rapture of God's Assembly. It could be either after Psalm 83 war or after first Gog Magog war when God's Holy Spirit is poured upon Israel nation and Israel as a nation looks upon God whom they pierced by crucifying Lord Jesus Christ on the cross some 2000 years ago in repentence, which will occur after the first Gog Magog War as we see in Zecheriah 12:9 - 13:2.

- In Deutronomy 18:15, Jeremiah 31:31-34 , Luke 5:37-39 , Hebrews 8:13 and many other scriptural verses indicate that old Mosaic covenant will be replaced by a new and better covenant which is the Melchizedek covenant ( Hebrews 6:20 - 9:28 ) in which Holy Spirit of God resides within the believer and teaches him to lead a life pleasing to God. So God also made some changes in the Mosaic Levitical sacrificial laws given to Israel in Numbers 28,29 chapters as we see in the Millenial God's House ( 4th God's House ) in Jerusalem in Ezekiel 46:4-7,11-15, 45:13 - 25, 43:18-27, when God's Kingdom is established forever on this earth and Jesus Christ rules all earth from Jerusalem for a 1000 years which shall continue forever after that in the  New Jerusalem , New Earth and New Heaven as this present earth and heavens will be destroyed by fire in the final God's judgement ( Revelation 20,21,22 chapters ). Whether these changes shall be made in the 3rd God's House which shall be present in the 7 year great tribulation period and some years before that is something that needs to be seen. Also we don't know whether these animal and grain sacrificial offerings in God's House shall continue forever in New Earth , New Jersualem , New Heavens. But Revelation 21:22 we are told there will be no God's House in New Jersualem, for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the God's House of it. According to Revelation 10:4 there are still things not revealed.

Since Iran/Elam is not mentioned in Psalm 83 confederacy against Israel, there is a possibility that Iran is taken out before that, because the current provacations of Iran, Hezbollah, Houthis etc increase to point which asks for such a revenge attack or defensive attack against Iran,by Israel along with US and their allies or perhaps iran supports the psalm 83 confederacy only from outside as it is shia,as opposed to sunni majority in almost all of psalm 83 confederacy which surround Israel.

It remains to be seen how or whether US intelligence will negotiate with russia since Trump has openly said US support for ukraine needs to be reduced, so that russia will pause its support for iran, making way for Israel , US and allies to attack foremost of iran's might ( southern iran nuclear facilities - Jeremiah 49: 35 ). 

Regarding collapse of Assad regime in December 8th 2024 and take over by muslim terrorists led by HTS, one can't deny the fact that Syria was relatively least dangerous to Israel during Assad's tenure despite the fact that he had very less power in reality due to various religious extremists like Al Qaeda,IS etc. propped up by Gog Magog ( Sino- Russian- Islamic terrorist alliance - Ezekiel 38,39 chapters ) alliance. 

Assad was ousted by Islamic terrorists led by HTS which had origins from Al Qaeda and IS that sino-russian islamic terrorist ( Gog Magog ) alliance decided to prop up as a part of their anti-western resistance. Russia passing laws to reconginze Islamic terrorist groups like Taliban and HTS and Iran enacting harsher Islamic morality laws  after HTS takeover in Syria are a confirmation that HTS is propped up secretly by Russia and Iran and also openly by Turkey since they form the Gog Magog Alliance along with some other countries ( Ezekiel 38,39 chapters ). 

Over the next few months there could be outward peace by surrounding nations of Israel even with actions to prove that they are for peace when in reality they will be all deceptive lies to trick Israel so that Israel will not be able to defend themselves, when Syria, Jordan and west bank make a devastating attack on Israel ( probably with iranian nukes ) as mentioned in Isaiah 17:4-11, which leads to muslims dominating devastated northern Israel, which further leads to the siege of Israel south to northern Jerusalem by the surrounding nations of Israel as mentioned in Zechariah 12:2 and Psalm 83 chapter. and then God will miraculously cause weapon malfunctions and confusions in these enemies that surround Israel ( Zechariah 12:4 ), and then Israel will defeat and conquer parts of surrounding nations  leading to fulfillment of Zechariah 12:4-8, Isaiah 17:1-14 , 21:13-17, Jeremiah 49:34-39, Psalm 83:1-18, , Ezekiel 28:20-26, Obadiah 1:18-20. Israel and its allies like US might after this or along with these attacks further proceed to attack Iran particularly the southern Iran nuclear sites ( Jeremiah 49:35-39 ).

So one can expect outplay of Isaiah 17 and Psalm 83, Zechariah 12:2-6 prophecies very soon, which involves surrounding nations laying siege against Israel to destroy Israel, particularly after this june 2026 US-iran deal which might allow iran to secretly transfer nukes to syria, jordan, west bank etc. Thus this could happen before or after the Iranian nuclear threat is taken out by  Israeli alliance ( Jeremiah 49:35-39 ) and this attack on Southern Iran nuclear ( Elam region ) facilities which might also affect Arabian peninsula ( Isaiah 21:13-17 ).

It is possible that after this attack on iran by Israel, US and allies, russia might backstab US and Israel by giving silent support to a devastating attack by syria, jordan, west bank on Israel ( Isaiah 17:4-11 ) and also russia itself or using its proxies attack vital centres in USA so as to freeze USA from coming to the aid of Israel when the pre-planned conspirational Psalm 83 alliance of surrounding countries of Israel come to lay seige of Jerusalem and Israel with the intention to destroy Israel, so that their name shall be remembered no more. ( Psalm 83:1- 18 , Zechariah 12: 2). 

This attack against Iran will be targeted against the foremost of their might ( Jeremiah 49: 35 ) which is their nuclear weapon capability which is stored mostly in southern Iran which is ancient Elam. The ensuing nuclear radiation fallout will force people of southern Iran to flee to all nations of the earth ( Jeremiah 49:36 ). This radiation fallout could also affect the arab gulf countries nearby which could fulfill the prophecy against Kedar ( son of Ishmael ) seen in Isaiah 21:16. This means the current prosperity of the arab gulf countries could end in an economic year from april to march. This economic collapse along with devastating attack on Israel by syria, jordan and west bank ( Isaiah 17: 4-11 ) will result in muslims dominating northern Israel and prompt the Psalm 83 confederacy against Israel laying siege against Israel south to northern Jerusalem ( ancient Jerusalem and Judah ) as seen in Zechariah 12:2.

Thus there is a possibility is that the current sunni islamic terrorist syria, jordan and west bank probably with iranian nukes will make a devastating attack against Israel ( Isaiah 17:4-11 ) by deceiving Israel with outward peace and friendship and then these surrounding islamic nations will dominate northern Israel and then these along with lebanon, egypt, gaza and saudi with their previously conspired intent come against Israel, laying siege against Israel south to northern Jerusalem ( ancient Jerusalem and Judah to destroy Israel ( Psalm 83, Zechariah 12:2 ) and then God miraculously enabling Israel to defeat the surrounding nations and conquer parts of surrounding nations and also making a devastating attack on Syria in revenge ( Zechariah 12:3-8, Isaiah 17:1-14 , 21:13-17, Jeremiah 49:34-39, Psalm 83:1-18, , Ezekiel 28:20-26, Obadiah 1:18-20 ). Israel and its allies like US might after this or along with these attacks further proceed to attack Iran particularly the southern Iran nuclear sites ( Jeremiah 49:35-39 ).

Before this devastating attack of Israel by syria  jordan and west bank probably with iranian nukes( Isaiah 17:4-11 ) and domination of northern Israel by the surrounding nations and the previously conspired gathering of surrounding nations against Israel laying siege on Israel south to northern Jerusalem ( ancient Jerusalem and Judah ) ( Psalm 83, Zechariah 12:1-4 ), there could be an attack  ( nuclear or other ) from the sino-russian ( Gog Magog ) alliance of iran, targeting large cities and other vital areas of USA inorder to neutralize USA so that they will be paralyzed atleast for some time and will not come to the aid Israel when this devastating attack by syrian proxy of iran ( Isaiah 17:4-11 ) and the previously conspired gathering of surrounding nations against Israel laying siege against Jerusalem and Judah (Psalm 83, Zechariah 12:1-4) occurs.

- Traditionally Bible scholars interpreted Zecheriah 12:1-9 as the Armageddon war in which all nations come against Jerusalem mentioned in Zecheriah 14:1- 21 and Revelation 19:11-21, which occurs at the end of the 7 year great tribulation period when Lord Jesus Christ will come with 10000s of saints and set up God's eternal kingdom on this earth which will continue forever ,initially on this earth for a 1000 year period and it shall continue forever in the coming New Jerusalem, New Heaven and New Earth. Zecheriah 12:1-9 is not the Armageddon war, because there is no mention of seige against Jerusalem in Zecheriah 14:1. In Zecheriah 14:2 - 4 we see that God will gather all nations against Jerusalem in battle and city will be taken, houses rifled, women ravished and half of the city shall go into captivity and the residue of the people shall not be cutt off from the city. Then shall the LORD go forth, and fight against those nations, as when he fought in the day of battle.

And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward the south.

So we can see very clearly Zecheriah 14:1 is the invasion of Jerusalem in which city shall be captured just before the second coming of Lord Jesus Christ to this earth. There is no mention of any seige here. On the contrary in Zecheriah 12:2 we see a seige against both Judah and Jerusalem by surrounding nations. Zechariah 12:2 reads that  Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about ( surrounding nations ), when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem. 

In Zechariah 12:3 we see that all the nations are  gathered on Jerusalem, but there is no mention of all nations going in battle to Jerusalem and capturing Jerusalem in Zechariah 12th chapter as we read in Zechariah 14:2. Notice that in Zechariah 12:3 all nations "are" gathered "on" Jerusalem , which means it is an indirect ( on ) and continuous ( are ) stance of all world nations particularly since the creation of Israel nation in 1948. This indirect and continuous stance of all nations against Jerusalem is that East Jerusalem be made capital of Palestine and thus dividing Jerusalem which in God's eyes is always the undivided capital of Israel. We can see that this was the policy regarding Jerusalem of even USA continuously. Or this could be a simply a prophetic scripture that points to Zechariah 14:2.

Also Zechariah 12:3 has been misinterpreted by those deceived by replacement theology. In original Hebrew text Zechariah 12:3 reads like this  -  And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will make Jerusalem a stone of burden for all the peoples; all that burden to severely wound it, they shall be severely wounded; and all the nations of the earth shall be gathered together against it. This means that the claim that all those who help ( carry burden ) Jerusalem shall be severely wounded is based on a false translation and it is promoted by those who follow unbiblical replacement theology, which is also contrary to the God's promise that all those who bless Abraham and Israel shall be blessed - Genesis 12:3, Numbers 24:9. Thus in original Hebrew text of Zechariah 12:3 it is clear that all those who burden upon Jerusalem with the intention of severely wounding it, they shall be severely wounded.

Moreover in Zecheriah 12:3-8 we see that this seige is unsuccesful and Israeli armies will devour all the surrounding nations on the right and the left. In Zechariah 12:9- 13:2 we see a glimpse of the first Gog Magog war that comes some years after this unsuccesful seige against Jersualem and Judah and after that first Gog Magog war which is detailed in prophetic scriptures of Ezekiel 38,39 chapters, God will pour out his Holy Spirit upon Israel nation ( Ezekiel 39:29 ) and Israel nation will turn back to God Lord Jesus Christ in repentance - Zechariah 12:10 - 14.

- It should be noted that Ezekiel 38,39 prophecy of 1st Gog Magog war happens at a time when Israel is living securely and prosperously at peace with its neighbours, which is not the case now. So the prophecies of Jeremiah 49:35-39, Isaiah 17, Psalm 83, Zecheriah 12:2-8 should happen first. Through these prophetic fulfillments Israel will defeat and conquer surrounding nations that are currently at active or passive war with Israel leading to peace with surrounding countries and prosperity for Israel, setting the stage for first Gog Magog war outlined in Ezekiel 38,39 chapters.

- Isaiah 17:7,8 indicate that when syria, jurdan and west bank makes this devastating attack on Israel, there shall be a general  repentance of mankind by leaving their idolatry and turning to their maker God almighty and his eternal salvation through Lord Jesus Christ. But as we see in Revelation 9:20 there will be many who will secretly or openly continue their idolatry against God to incur God's eternal wrath. This general repentance of mankind and turning back to God will be followed by Israel as a nation looks upon God whom they pierced by crucifying Lord Jesus Christ on the cross some 2000 years ago in repentance, which will occur after the first Gog Magog War as we see in Zechariah 12:9 - 13:2 and Ezekiel 38,39 chapters.

So we should all now itself repent and leave all our sins and humble before the almighty living God and pray with faith to God to cleanse us from all our sins by the precious sinless blood of Lord Jesus Christ that was shed at Calvary, Jerusalem some 2000 years ago for the remission of sins of all mankind so that all mankind who will trust in Lord Jesus Christ shall have eternal life and lead a just and holy life before God so that we will be taken to heaven when Lord Jesus Christ comes back and thus escape the God's judgement of the whole earth for the 7 year ( 7 year great tribulation period ) and the eternal hell fire and be with God for all eternity with eternal life ( John 3:16, All 4 Gospels, All of New Testament, All Messianic Prophecies of Old Testament, 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17, 1:10, 5:1-11, 2 Thessalonians 2:3-7, 1:7, Revelation 3:10, 7:9-17, 19:1-22:21, 1 Corinthians 15: 35-38, Isaiah 26:19-21, Mathew 24:13 & 24:32- 25:13, Mark 13:28-37, Luke 17:26-36, Romans 5:8,9).